Life will find a way, even in the midst of a hurricane

LIFE ahoy! Every hurricane that sweeps through the Gulf of Mexico carries a unique mix of bacteria in its clouds.

Much of our precipitation is likely caused by microbes in clouds. Their surfaces act as "seeds" to attract water and form ice crystals that fall through the cloud as rain or snow. To find out the nature of the bacteria, in 2010 researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta flew a jetliner through hurricanes Earl and Karl, 10 kilometres above the Earth's surface.

Twenty per cent of the small particles they collected turned out to be bacteria that could grow in the lab. Many were genetically similar to bacteria the researchers had earlier found in clouds over the US land mass and along the California coast. The similar bacteria could withstand UV radiation at high altitude, and use simple carbon compounds as their sole energy source, suggesting that they had adapted to survive in clouds.

But the bacterial communities in the two hurricanes were very different from one another - probably because the hurricanes began in different places. The team believe that the storms swept up species from the soil and ocean as they moved inland. This mix of bacteria could have increased the amount of rain from the hurricane by providing better "seeds" for the water to form around. The group presented their work at the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco in December.

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